DATA STRUCTURES


UNIT – 1:  Introduction to programm ing methodologies and design of algorithms. Abstract Data Type, array, array organization, sparse array. Stacks and Stack ADT, Stack Manipulation, Prefix, infix and postfix expressions, their interconversion and expression evaluation. Queues and Queue ADT, Queue manipulation. General Lists and List ADT, List manipulations, Single, double and circular lists.


 UNIT – II: Trees, Properties of Trees, Binary trees, Binary Tree traversal, Tree manipulation algorithms, Expreession trees and their usage, binary search trees, AVL Trees, Heaps and their implementation




UNIT – III: Multiway trees, B-Trees, 2-3 trees, 2-3-4 trees, B* and B+ Trees. Graphs, Graph representation, Graph traversal.



 UNIT – IV: Sorting concept, order, stability, Selection sorts (straight, heap), insertion sort (Straight Insertion, Shell sort), Exchange Sort (Bubble, quicksort), Merge sort (only 2-way merge sort). Searching – List search, sequential search, binary search, hashing concepts, hashing methods (Direct, subtraction, modulo-division, midsquare, folding, pseudorandom hashing), collision resolution (by open addressing: linear probe, quadratic probe, pseudorandom collision resolution, linked list collision resolution), Bucket hashing.  

                                   ELECTRONIC INSTRUMENTS AND MEASUREMENTS 

UNIT – I    Introduction to Metering Performance Characteristics of Instruments: Static Characteristics, Dynamic Characteristics.  Errors in Measurement: Types of Static Errors, Gross Errors, Systematic Errors, Random Errors, Sources of Errors. Basic Meter Movement: Moving Coil and Moving Iron type of instruments.  Display Devices: Digital display system and indicators, Classification of displays, Light Emitting Diodes (LED), Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). Printers: Classification of Printers, Drum Printer, Dot-Matrix, ink-jet & Laser-jet Printers.  Electrical Standards & Calibration.   




 UNIT – II      Basic Instruments DC Ammeter, Multi range ammeters, Extending of ammeter ranges, RF Ammeter, Effect of frequency on calibration. DC Voltmeter, Multi range voltmeter, extending Voltmeter ranges, Transistor Voltmeter, Chopper type DC amplifier Voltmeter (Micro-voltmeter), Solid-State Voltmeter, AC Voltmeter using rectifiers, True RMS Voltmeter. Digital Metering: Dual slope integrating type DVM (Voltage to Time conversion), Integrating type DVM (Voltage to Frequency Conversion),  Resolution and sensitivity of digital meters, General specifications of a DVM, Digital Multimeters, Digital frequency meter, Digital measurement of time, Universal counter, Electronic counter, Digital tachometer, Digital pH meter, Digital phase meter, Digital capacitance meter.



UNIT – III   Cathode Ray Oscilloscope Basic Principle, CRT features, Block diagram of oscilloscope, single/dual beam CRO, dual trace oscilloscope, (VHF) sampling oscilloscope, storage oscilloscope (For VLF Signal). Measurement of phase and frequency by Lissajous figures method. Oscilloscope as a Bridge Null detector, standard specifications of a single beam CRO, probes for CRO, Digital Storage Oscilloscope (DSO), Fiber Optic CRT recording oscilloscope.





 UNIT – IV Electronic Instruments Fixed / Variable Frequency AF Oscillator, Signal Generator, Function Generator, (sine, square and triangular wave generator), Frequency selective and Heterodyne Wave Analyzer. Digital Data Recording, Potentiometric Recorder (Multipoint), Digital Memory Waveform Recorder (DWR),  Introduction to transducers, Data Acquisition System: Introduction, Objective of a DAS, Single Channel Data Acquisition System, Multi-Channel DAS.          [

                                       APPLIED MATHEMATICS-III syllabus

Paper Code: ETMA-201


INSTRUCTIONS TO PAPER SETTERS:                                                    Maximum Marks: 75 1. Question No. 1 should be compulsory and cover the entire syllabus. This question should have objective or short answer type questions. It should be of 25 marks. 2. Apart from Question No. 1, rest of the paper shall consist of four units as per the syllabus. Every unit should have two questions. However, student may be asked to attempt only 1 question from each unit. Each question should be 12.5 marks.


Objectives: The objective of this course is to teach the students the applications of fourier series, fourier transform, difference equation and numerical methods to solve various engineering problems.


                                                                    UNIT-I                                                   

 Fourier series: Definition, Euler’s formula, conditions for Fourier expansion, functions having points of discontinuity, change of intervals, even and odd functions ,half range series, Harmonic analysis. Fourier Transforms: Definition, Fourier integral, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, Fourier  sine and cosine transforms, properties of Fourier transforms (linearity, scaling, shifting, modulation), Application to partial differential equations.

                                                              

                                                                    UNIT-II                                     
                                                                                        
Difference equation: Definition, formation, solution of linear difference equation with constant coefficients ,simultaneous difference equations with constant coefficients, applications of difference equations .Z- transform: Definition, Z- transform of basic functions, properties of Z-transform (linearity, damping, shifting, multiplication),initial value theorem, final value theorem, convolution theorem, convergence of Z- transform, inverse of Z- transform, Application to difference equations



                                                                  UNIT-III       

Numerical Methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations using bisection method, Regula-Falsi method and Newton – Raphson method.  Solution of linear simultaneous equations using Gauss-Jacobi’s iteration method  and Gauss-Seidal’s iteration methods.Finite differences: Forward differences, backward differences and Central differences. Interpolation: Newton’s interpolation for equi-spaced values. Stirling’s central difference interpolation formula, Divided differences and interpolation formula in terms of divided differences ,  Lagrange’s interpolation formula for unequi-spaced values.



                                                              UNIT-IV     

Numerical Differentiation, maxima and minima of a tabulated function. Numerical Integration: Newton-Cote’s quadrature formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s one-third rule and Simpson’s three-eighth rule .Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Picard’s method, Taylor’s method,Euler’s method, modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta method of fourth order.     

                                                          APPLIED MATHEMATICS-III 
Paper Code: ETMA-201 
Paper: Applied Mathematics-III 


INSTRUCTIONS TO PAPER SETTERS:                                                    Maximum Marks: 75 Question No. 1 should be compulsory and cover the entire syllabus. This question should have objective or short answer type questions. It should be of 25 marks. 2. Apart from Question No. 1, rest of the paper shall consist of four units as per the syllabus. Every unit should have two questions. However, student may be asked to attempt only 1 question from each unit. Each question should be 12.5 marks. 


Objectives: The objective of this course is to teach the students the applications of fourier series, fourier transform, difference equation and numerical methods to solve various engineering problems.  



                                                                             UNIT-I 

Fourier series: Definition, Euler’s formula, conditions for Fourier expansion, functions having points of discontinuity, change of intervals, even and odd functions ,half range series, Harmonic analysis. Fourier Transforms: Definition, Fourier integral, Fourier transform, inverse Fourier transform, Fourier  sine and cosine transforms, properties of Fourier transforms (linearity, scaling, shifting, modulation), Application to partial differential equations. 



                                                                             UNIT-II

 Difference equation: Definition, formation, solution of linear difference equation with constant coefficients ,simultaneous difference equations with constant coefficients, applications of difference equations .Z- transform: Definition, Z- transform of basic functions, properties of Z-transform (linearity, damping, shifting, multiplication),initial value theorem, final value theorem, convolution theorem, convergence of Z- transform, inverse of Z- transform, Application to difference equations.

                                                                       

                                                                             UNIT-III   

 Numerical Methods: Solution of algebraic and transcendental equations using bisection method, Regula-Falsi method and Newton – Raphson method.  Solution of linear simultaneous equations using Gauss-Jacobi’s iteration method  and Gauss-Seidal’s iteration methods.Finite differences: Forward differences, backward differences and Central differences. Interpolation: Newton’s interpolation for equi-spaced values. Stirling’s central difference interpolation formula, Divided differences and interpolation formula in terms of divided differences ,  Lagrange’s interpolation formula for unequi-spaced values.

                                                                           UNIT-IV
 Numerical Differentiation, maxima and minima of a tabulated function. Numerical Integration: Newton-Cote’s quadrature formula, Trapezoidal rule, Simpson’s one-third rule and Simpson’s three-eighth rule .Numerical solution of ordinary differential equations: Picard’s method, Taylor’s method,Euler’s method, modified Euler’s method, Runge-Kutta method of fourth order.

                                                                ANALOG ELECTRONICS-I 



Paper Code: ETEC-203 
Paper: Analog Electronics-I 

INSTRUCTIONS TO PAPER SETTERS:                                                                   marks    75
1. Question No. 1 should be compulsory and cover the entire syllabus. This question should have objective or short answer type questions. It should be of 25 marks. 2. Apart from Question No. 1, rest of the paper shall consist of four units as per the syllabus. Every unit should have two questions. However, student may be asked to attempt only 1 question from each unit. Each question should be 12.5 marks.



UNIT – I Review of diode and BJT, 
Bias stabilization: Need for stabilization,
 fixed Bias, 
emitter bias, 
self-bias,
 bias stability with respect to variations in Ico, VBE & β, 
Stabilization factors,
 thermal stability. Bias compensation techniques. Small signal amplifiers: CB, CE, CC configurations, hybrid model for transistor at low frequencies, RC coupled amplifiers, mid band model, gain & impedance, comparisons of different configurations, Emitter follower, Darlington pair(derive voltage gain, current gain, input and output impedance). Hybrid-model at high frequencies (π model). 
Objective: The objective of teaching this subject is to impart in depth understanding of the concepts of biasing in active circuits and employing simple models to represent nonlinear and active elements in circuits. It also includes the operation of the circuits at high frequencies and effects of feedback.  The analysis of power amplifier & tuned amplifiers is also dealt with. 




 UNIT – II Multistage Amplifiers:  Cascade and cascode amplifiers, Calculations of gain, impedance and bandwidth. Design of multistage amplifiers. Feedback Amplifiers:  Feedback concept, Classification of Feedback amplifiers, Properties of negative Feedback amplifiers, Impedance considerations in different configurations. Analysis of feedback Amplifiers. 



UNIT – III Field Effect Transistor: Introduction, Classification, FET characteristics, Operating point, Biasing, FET small signal Model, enhancement & Depletion type MOSFETS, MESFET, FET Amplifier configurations (CD,CG and CS). Introduction to UJT, SCR, Triac and Diac (working, construction, characteristics and application),UJT relaxation oscillator. 





UNIT – IV  Power Amplifiers:  Power dissipations in transistors, Amplifiers Classification, (Class-A, Class-B, Class-C, Class-AB) Efficiency analysis, Push-pull and complementary Push-pull amplifiers,cross over distortion and harmonic distortion in push pull amplifier. Tuned amplifiers(single,double & stagger tuned amplifier).